Women Are Victims Of Sexual Violence - 3761 Words

I. Abstract Every five minutes, four women in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) are raped. This means that 1,100 women are victims of sexual violence on a daily basis (Counting Sexual Violence in the Congo). Such exorbitant cases of rape have earned the DRC its title as â€Å"the rape capital of the world† (Citation -http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8650112.stm). Nevertheless, Congolese conventions regarding gender roles have facilitated massive infliction of sexual violence, especially on behalf of soldiers. This incorporation of rape into the sociocultural fabric of the DRC has, in turn, given way to a normalization of rape culture in the Congo, which has perpetuated and even enabled the sexual violence crisis. Moreover, the rape†¦show more content†¦Men are conditioned to be â€Å"courageous, level-headed, tough killers† (Citation), while women are trained to be â€Å"caregivers, childe-bearers, [and] nurturers† (Citation). Furthermore, social norms est ablish that men ought to attain numerous partners and possess the fiscal capital to â€Å"bestow gifts in exchange for sex† (Citation). Because the notion of masculinity is particularly rigid in Congolese society, an extreme binary exists, under which an individual can only be masculine or feminine. This dichotomy engenders enormous pressure conferred upon men to fulfill masculine roles at any expense. Consequently, men in the DRC will often justify sexual violence perpetrated on women by privileging the need to realize their masculinity (Citation). This is particularly problematic because women are believed to exist for the sole benefit of men. And, men are compelled to express their masculinity outwardly, through rape, to evade skepticism of their capacity to be virile. Masculinity in this regard has been described by scholars as â€Å"not a natural trait, but something that must be achieved before one’s peers† (Citation – 121). Thus, rape could be perc eived as an external, visible display of masculinity. Although the actions of male perpetrators are not popular in the eyes of the international community, these individuals too

The Power Struggle Between Robespierre And Danton - 983 Words

When I first read about this course in a summer email, I was blown away by the description and content of the reacting class. It seemed like more of a fun game that a few good friends might play rather than an honors history course. Over the past few months, I have seen that this course is a combination of game and class, which, in turn, makes learning fun. This is the reason that I have learned much about history and perhaps even more about myself during this course. I could say that I learned about the influence and tactics of Thomas Cromwell or say I saw firsthand the power struggle between Robespierre and Danton. I could say I learned about the ideas of Rousseau, Burke, Diderot, More, Marsilius, Machiavelli, and, of course, Baldassare Castiglione. I could say I learned about the crowd, the National Assembly, the courts of Henry VIII and the Parliament of England. It would be easy to simply say that I learned the basic history of the English Reformation and the French Revolu tion because that is the simplest learning accomplished during this course. However, aside from the rudimentary knowledge of the two events, I saw and learned from two specific trends exhibited in each of our games: the formation and churning of factions and the variability and unpredictability of chance. Factions quickly appeared in both of our games: the Boleyn’s versus the Aragonese for the English game and the three parties of the Jacobins, the Feulliants, and the Conservatives in theShow MoreRelatedCauses of the Reign of Terror1367 Words   |  6 PagesLouis XVI in 1793 and was incited by the conflict between the Girondins and Jacobins. Soon after, King Louis’ wife, Marie Antoinette, was executed in the guillotine- the new form of constitutionalist justice. Many of the people who were executed during this period of time were not aristocrats, but ordinary people who may have only stated a critical thought or judgment going against the revolutionary government. Ma ny believe that once Robespierre became leader of the Committee of Public Safety, heRead MoreQuestioning The Effectiveness Of The Revolution2439 Words   |  10 PagesQuestioning the Effectiveness of the Revolution A 25-year struggle came to an end with a crown placed upon a head of yet another king. Was the French Revolution, revolutionary or was it an attempt at democracy that failed rather quickly with a noble Robespierre becoming a decapitating dictator, who himself later became decapitated? The French revolution was a political movement that swept up a nation, and it swept up the nation in such a way that would leave a trail of political fever for centuriesRead MoreThe War Of The Revolution1951 Words   |  8 PagesElla Kay Chop Concide Hacher 10/5/17 In a futile attempt to protect the French Revolution from utter destruction, the revolutionary radicals decreed the Terror the â€Å"order of the day† (Danton 45) in an effort to â€Å"force people to be free.† The Terror did not pervert Revolutionary ideals but was a result of a necessary amplification of these ideas in order to ensure the safety of the Revolution. Louis Antoine Saint-Just, a French revolutionary stated that â€Å"what produces the general good is alwaysRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Reign Of Terror2165 Words   |  9 Pagesintellectual. So people adapting to the idea lead up to the French revolution. During the Enlightenment they was a reinforcement on the political conflict between the monarchy and the nobility. The nobility are the people who belonged to the noble family, and the monarchy are people in the throne (King and Queen). Therefore the conflict between the head of the monarch and the nobility was about taxation. The French gover nment was in a deep debt after fighting a war with the American, their king LouisRead MoreThe Causes and Outcomes of the French Revolution1975 Words   |  8 PagesCauses of the French Revolution 1. International: struggle for hegemony and Empire outstrips the fiscal resources of the state 2. Political conflict: conflict between the Monarchy and the nobility over the â€Å"reform† of the tax system led to paralysis and bankruptcy. 3. The Enlightenment: impulse for reform intensifies political conflicts; reinforces traditional aristocratic constitutionalism, one variant of which was laid out in Montequieu’s Spirit of the Laws; introduces new notions of goodRead More Jean Paul Marat: Target and Martyr of Liberty Essay4001 Words   |  17 Pagespolitical figure in the French Revolution, Jean Paul Marat began as a nonentity and became a martyr to the revolutionary patriots of France. His influence is often misconstrued, and sometimes overlooked. Although he was not a political leader like Robespierre, his influence was substantial in that he motivated many people through his writings and powerful personality. Through his involvement with the Cordeliers’ Club and his journal Ami du peuple, started September 1789, Marat was able to express the

Food Regulations in the Usa free essay sample

Everyone has heard the stories about mad cow disease and other food-borne diseases coming into the United States from countries such as United Kingdom and China. Besides that locally, foodborne illnesses are among the top of deaths within the United States. Cause of these deaths, most could be prevented if better rules and regulations were in place federally and locally in the United States. In this paper I will be discussing insight on how the US Government can improve the effectiveness of state and local food safety programs. Food safety responsibilities at the state and local levels reside in too many agencies (health, agricultural, industry, etc. ) With all of these agencies it is hard for all of them to cooperate together when detecting and reporting said incidences to the federal level. Without an effort to build a comprehensive national regulation that cover the three basic elements of prevention, detection, and rapid response. When it comes to the area of surveillance, there is a lack in the communication chain between federal agencies, state, and local health agencies. A good example of this lack of surveillance was back in 2008, when Federal Drug Administration found traces of melamine in infant milk products. However, the FDA concluded melamine or cyanuric acid alone, at or below 1 part per million in infant formula do not raise public health concerns in babies. (2008 Chinese milk scandal) Melamine is a toxic chemical that can be harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. According to FDA scientists, melamine can be absorbed into the blood stream forming clots that can cause kidneys to malfunction. United States FDA’s limit was put at 0. 63 mg, but was later reduced to 0. 63 mg daily. The World Health Organization’s food safety director estimated that the amount of melamine a person could stand per day without incurring a bigger health risk, the tolerable daily intake (TDI), was 0. 2 mg per kg of body mass (â€Å"Melamine†) To eliminate such risks from entering into the United States, FDA needs to improve on monitoring and/or inspection of the food safety practices of foreign food producers and suppliers. A solution to this surveillance problem would be improved communications and collaboration between federal agencies, state, and local health jurisdictions involved in food safety surveillance. As well as promote access to information from multiple passive foodborne outbreak surveillance databases by federal, state, and local health jurisdictions such as Pulse-Net. With better surveillances put into place, the next step would to concentrate on the inspection and regulation phases. There was an article written in 1956 (Eat, drink, amp; be wary, 1956) that explains how FDA does not regulate everything the same. The article goes on to explain about how Florida oranges and the additives that are used and how three of the dyes were deemed â€Å"highly toxic. It also states that if the FDA were to make new laws, which can take years for them to be passed. Another way is to mandate uniformity in product dating so consumers and regulators can differentiate between production dates, â€Å"sell by† dates, â€Å"use by† dates, and if dates are based on food safety concerns or product freshness considerations. Woteki amp; Kineman wrote an article entitled â€Å"Challenges and approaches to reducing foodborne illness† how the science of foodborne illnesses are accelerating faster than laws that can protects against said illnesses. While American consumers benefit from one of the world’s safest food supplies, the existing framework is a patchwork of laws and regulations that are frequently inconsistent and lag far behind current scientific knowledge of the risks posed by foodborne pathogens and toxic chemicals. (Woteki, Kineman, 2003) With proper regulations now in place, working on proper inspection procedures would be the next step to ensure safer food being imported and exported within the United States. Federal government needs to support continued development of a uniformed food safety inspection program for all state and local health jurisdictions and encourage its adoption through federal funding. The FDA has been working on this by developing Model Retail Food Standards. (NEHA, 2011) However, to improve the regulations that are needed the FDA have areas for improvement; such as encouraging (but not mandate) more uniformity in regulatory codes nationwide. Another solution in the inspection process would be to have a secure database where all the proper documents to be accessible by user-defined personnel. There was an incident where a local health department had to file a request for a copy of the most recent inspection of a food manufacturing plant from a certain federal agency. By the time that request was processed, six months had passed and the inspection was outdated and useless. (NEHA, 2011) Overall, the United States does ok in the prevention and detection of severe cases of foodborne illnesses. However, I believe that the FDA should do a better job in communicating with state and local government to better prevent and detect said type illnesses. Again some ways that could happen is to try to get a uniformed code of regulations across nationally. Now by doing this I am not saying we will prevent foodborne illnesses totally but we, as a nation, would be better off to indicate and be able to take the corrective actions needed.

Explain the ways in which adults can affectively support free essay sample

Explain the ways in which adults can affectively support and extend the speech, language and communication development of children during the early years By popularization There are many ways in which an adult can support a childs speech, language and communication development during the early years -The words and levels of language: we need to adapt language to the childs ablest and age.When speaking to a baby we would use single words and point to objects so that a toddle femaleness homeless to these words Like shoes, chair and car, but as the child gets older we start to use sentences like would you please wear your shoes? or which toys Is you favorite? -Giving children the time and opportunity to communicate, Its Important to give children time to think about what has been said to them and If they dont answer straight away and not answering for them, allowing them time to respond. We will write a custom essay sample on Explain the ways in which adults can affectively support or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some children would require you to sound them all out but then you must get them o copy you and blend the sounds together whilst giving them time to process what you are telling them. -Interaction of a child with an adult is very important, when interacting with a baby we use games like peek-a-boo but they are 2 years old the games are more interactive like giving us a toy and we say thank you and smile at them and they take it away from us, these gives a child the early skills of taking turns, eye contact and getting to know expressions. Working with parents is also very important, as some parents do not understand or do not have sufficient time to spare with the children, but they are the best person to help them develop their speech and language, on the ways home, bath time or 10 minutes before going to bed to speak to them to interact into a good conversation with them about their day. So if the child has a specific speech or language need the setting and the parents will need to work together with a speech and language therapist for the success of the child.